Turkey is a transcontinental country located in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia bordering the Black Sea.
Modern Turkey was founded in by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk or “Father of the Turks.”
Geographically, the Republic of Turkey is a bridge between Europe and Asia. Due to its location, surrounded by sea on three sides, Turkey has always been the center of great trade, silk and spice routes. Today, even in the most inaccessible or isolated corners, one can easily feel and see the traces of different cultures.
The government system is a republican parliamentary democracy; the chief of state is the president. Turkey officially switched to an executive presidency after President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan took the oath of office on July 9, 2018.
Location
Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria.
Istanbul is the only city in the world to straddle two continents.
Climate
Temperate;
Hot, dry summers with mild,
Wet winters;
Harsher in interior
Natural Resources
Coal, iron ore, copper, chromium, antimony, mercury, gold, barite, borate, celestite (strontium), emery, feldspar, limestone, magnesite, marble, perlite, pumice, pyrites (sulfur), clay, arable land, hydropower
Area
Total: 783,562 sq km
Land: 769,632 sq km
Water: 13,930 sq km
Land Boundaries
Total: 2,816 km
Border Countries (8)
-Armenia 311 km
-Azerbaijan 17 km
-Bulgaria 223 km
-Georgia 273 km
-Greece 192 km
-Iran 534 km
-Iraq 367 km
-Syria 899 km
3.People & Society
Population
81,257,239 (July 2018 est.)
Nationality
Turkish
Languages
Official: Turkish (official)
Minority Languages: Kurmanji, Arabic, Zazaki, Pomak Bulgarian, Balkan Gagauz Turkish, Laz
Main Immigrant Languages: Adyghe, Albanian, Arabic, Bosnian, Crimean Tatar,[a] Georgian, Kabardian
Religion
Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni)
Other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Life Expectancy
Total population: 75.3 years (2018 est.)
Male: 72.9 years (2018 est.)
Female: 77.7 years (2018 est.)
Gdp-$851.5 billion (2017 est.)
GDP growth-7.4% (2017 est.)
CPI GOWTH -11.14 % (2017 est.)
4.Government
Country Name
Conventional long form: Republic of Turkey
Conventional short form: Turkey
Etymology: the name means “Land of the Turks”
Government Type
Parliamentary republic
Capital
Ankara
Independence
29 October 1923
Leader
PRESIDENT:
Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN (10 August 2014)
6.Top Universities
State Universities:
Boğaziçi Üniversitesi
Middle East Technical University
Hacettepe University
Private Universities:
Bilkent University
Koç University
Sabancı University
7.Some Important Figures
Prof. Dr. Fuat Sezgin
